World landmarks and passage evidence

Century index · Curriculum guide

The prior World revision documented here contains 52 factual landmarks across all 21 centuries. Its purpose is to place familiar general history beside church history.

The landmark coverage audit adds two printing landmarks, bringing the current World selection to 54 entries. All original proof rows below remain.

This audit records 16 early, 17 medieval, and 19 modern claims. Each claim uses inspected primary evidence and two distinct historical works.

Research completed October 6, 2026. The historical cutoff remains October 5, 2026.

P identifies a primary text, artifact, or identified primary excerpt. V1 and V2 identify two other supporting works.

The source role does not certify neutrality. Archives, museums, public institutions, encyclopedias, and heritage histories supply the revised checks.

Primary authors and heritage institutions are not all secular. Separate a primary excerpt from the modern editor who reproduces it.

A repeated host does not create another work. The supporting passages, rather than the number of links, establish each narrowed assertion.

Early centuries: 16 claims

Claim and unit	Primary passage inspected	First historical check	Second historical check	Qualification
E1.1	Pliny 6.16 describes the plume from Vesuvius. Suetonius Titus 8.3–4 records the eruption and buried cities. P: Pliny the Younger, Letters 6.16 and 6.20, eruption account P: Suetonius, Titus 8.3–4, buried cities	The archaeological park’s opening explicitly identifies Vesuvius’s burial of cities in AD 79. V1: Pompeii Archaeological Park, Pompeii after the Eruption, opening	Civil Protection’s AD 79 paragraph identifies the destructive eruption and Pompeii. V2: Italian Civil Protection Department, Eruptive history, AD 79 eruption	Do not assign a disputed August or October day.
E1.2	Suetonius Titus 7.3 describes the dedication of his amphitheatre and the games. P: Suetonius, Titus 7.3, amphitheatre dedication	The park’s opening dates Titus’s inaugural games to AD 80. V1: Colosseum Archaeological Park, Blood and the Arena, opening	Cartwright’s construction section and timeline date opening to 80. V2: Mark Cartwright, Colosseum, construction and timeline	Do not equate the opening with completion of every later building phase.
E2.1	Hadrian 11.2 says he went to Britain and constructed a separating wall. P: Historia Augusta, Hadrian 11.2	English Heritage opening and building section date Hadrian’s visit and probable construction onset to 122. V1: English Heritage, History of Hadrian’s Wall	UNESCO dates the wall to approximately 122. V2: UNESCO, Frontiers of the Roman Empire	English Heritage acknowledges possible construction before the visit. Retain “around.”
E2.2	Marcus Aurelius 7.3–6 describes his succession and assumption of government after Pius’s death. P: Historia Augusta, Marcus Aurelius 7.3–6, accession	Lendering’s opening gives reign 161–180 and dated accession and death. V1: Jona Lendering, Marcus Aurelius, chronology	Cambridge museum’s description gives emperor 161–180. V2: University of Cambridge, Marcus Aurelius	The Historia Augusta is a later ancient narrative, not a contemporary eyewitness record.
E3.1	Shahbazi reproduces Shapur’s original claim to taking Valerian prisoner. P: Shapur’s victory inscription, translated excerpt in Iranica	Lendering’s AD 260 entry explicitly states capture by Shapur. V1: Jona Lendering, Valerian, AD 260 entry	Shahbazi introduces the quoted third campaign as the war of 260. V2: A. Shapur Shahbazi, Shapur I: History, third campaign	No claims about torture, a human footstool, or his precise death.
E3.2	Eutropius 9.19 reports the army conferring imperial dignity on Diocletian. P: Eutropius, Short History 9.19–20	Wasson’s opening and accession section give 284. V1: Donald L. Wasson, Diocletian, opening and rise to power	Mathisen’s introduction gives emperor 284–305. Its early reign account describes the army’s acclamation. V2: Ralph W. Mathisen, Diocletian, De Imperatoribus Romanis, introduction and early reign	Use the year only. Discard the conflicting September date in Britannica 1911.
E4.1	Zosimus II’s paragraph beginning “Afterwards changing his purpose” reports Constantine’s choice of Byzantium, enlargement, new walls, palace, and imperial residence. P: Zosimus, New History II, paragraph beginning “Afterwards changing his purpose,” enlargement of Byzantium	Lendering explicitly dates dedication to 11 May 330. V1: Jona Lendering, Constantine’s City, dedication of 330	Wasson’s consecration paragraph and timeline give 330. V2: Donald L. Wasson, Constantinople, AD 330 consecration and timeline	Retain dedication, not an unsupported claim that every older imperial capital immediately ceased to function.
E4.2	Ammianus XXXI.13.7 describes the Roman line breaking. XXXI.13.12–16 reports Valens’s death and competing accounts of its circumstances. P: Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman History XXXI.12.10 and XXXI.13.7–16	Lendering’s article dates the battle to 378 and identifies the Roman defeat. V1: Jona Lendering, Adrianople, AD 378	Wasson’s battle account gives 378, Gothic victory, and Valens’s death. V2: Donald L. Wasson, Battle of Adrianople, battle and Valens’s death	The manner of Valens’s death is uncertain. Do not claim a specific death scene.
E5.1	Jordanes XXX.156 explicitly says Alaric’s Goths entered Rome and sacked it. P: Jordanes, Getica XXX.156	Wasson’s opening identifies Alaric and the sack in August 410. V1: Donald L. Wasson, Sack of Rome 410 CE, opening	Hodgkin’s third-siege paragraph gives 24 August 410 and the Goths’ entry. V2: Thomas Hodgkin, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911, Alaric, third siege	No additional claims about buildings burned, extorted quantities, or total destruction.
E5.2	Jordanes XXXVIII–XL describes the armies meeting on the Catalaunian Plains, with Attila against Aetius and allied forces. P: Jordanes, Getica XXXVIII–XL, battle excerpt	Hodgkin’s 451 paragraph describes invasion of Gaul and the Catalaunian battle. V1: Thomas Hodgkin, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911, Attila, invasion of 451	Mark’s invasion discussion and timeline date the encounter to 451. V2: Joshua J. Mark, Attila the Hun, invasion and timeline	Do not describe this as the destruction of the Huns or an uncontested decisive result.
E5.3	Anonymus II.8.38 reports Odoacer entering Ravenna and deposing Augustulus. P: Anonymus Valesianus II.8.37–38	Mark gives deposition in 476 and describes the conventional end of the western empire. V1: Joshua J. Mark, Odoacer, opening and timeline	Watts’s opening gives deposition in September 476 and explains the later periodization. V2: Edward J. Watts, Rome Didn’t Fall When You Think It Did, opening and discussion of periodization	Watts explicitly rejects equating 476 with the end of Roman government and society. The final wording preserves that distinction.
E6.1	Procopius II.22.9 states that the epidemic reached Byzantium in the second year, when he was present. P: Procopius, Wars II.22.9, plague excerpt	Iranica’s account says Procopius stayed in Constantinople from 542 and witnessed the plague. V1: Encyclopaedia Iranica, Procopius, residence from 542	Bury’s note 162 explicitly fixes the outbreak to 542 and compares contemporary witnesses. V2: J. B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire II, chapter XV, note 162, explicit AD 542 dating	Bury’s narrative chronology is internally inconsistent. Use its explicit chronological note, not the narrative’s implied 543. Do not add disputed mortality estimates.
E6.2	Historia Brittonum 56 calls Arthur a commander fighting alongside British kings against Saxons. This is a ninth-century narrative. P: Historia Brittonum 56, later Arthur narrative	Padel calls Arthur a legendary war leader, places the narrated resistance in the fifth or sixth century, and judges later annals poor evidence for sixth-century history. V1: O. J. Padel, Arthur, Wiley Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England, PDF pages 48–49	Shoaf identifies sixth-century Gildas as background without Arthur’s name and the ninth-century Historia Brittonum as the later Arthur narrative. V2: Judy Shoaf, King Arthur in medieval sources, Early Latin texts	The link is evidence for the legend, not contemporary proof of Arthur’s existence. Do not assign a factual accession, reign, or death year.
E7.1	Bukhari 3 preserves the first-revelation narrative attributed to Aisha, describing the cave and angel. P: Sahih al-Bukhari 3, later tradition about the first revelation	The Met’s opening dates the first revelation to 610 and explicitly identifies Muslim belief. V1: Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Birth of Islam, opening	Khan’s first-revelation account and timeline give 610. V2: Syed Muhammad Khan, Prophet Muhammad, early preaching and timeline	Bukhari is a later tradition, not a contemporary dated eyewitness document. Report tradition and approximate chronology.
E7.2	Bukhari 3905 describes departure from Mecca, Medina as the migration destination, and Muhammad’s journey with Abu Bakr. P: Sahih al-Bukhari 3905, later migration narrative	The Met dates emigration to 622. V1: Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Birth of Islam, emigration paragraph	Khan’s Migration to Medina paragraph dates arrival to 622. V2: Syed Muhammad Khan, Prophet Muhammad, Migration to Medina	Do not copy Khan’s erroneous statement that the Islamic calendar starts at year zero.
E7.3	Al-Baladhuri reports Byzantine defeat, Heraclius’s flight, and the battle in Rajab, AH 15. P: Al-Baladhuri, The Battle of the Yarmuk and After, battle and flight of Heraclius	Khan’s opening dates the battle to 636 and states the Rashidun victory. V1: Syed Muhammad Khan, Battle of Yarmouk, opening	Talbert’s date field gives August 636. The summary and conclusion describe Byzantine defeat. V2: Bart L. R. Talbert, Battle of Yarmūk, EBSCO, date and summary	Do not repeat ancient army-size figures or claim exact certainty for every conquest narrative.

Early provenance and date limits

King Arthur’s historical existence and reign remain uncertain. The entry concerns a legend with a fifth–sixth-century setting.
The early selection emphasizes the Roman world, Britain, and Arabia. It does not establish a complete global history.
Shapur’s inscription and Shahbazi’s historical discussion are separate underlying works on one page. They are not two modern corroborators.
The original ancient texts do not always state an AD calendar year. The two historical works supply the explicit dates where indicated.
The Historia Augusta is a later ancient compilation with disputed attribution, not a contemporary eyewitness record.
Bukhari’s narratives and the Historia Brittonum are later traditions. Their existence does not prove supernatural revelation or Arthur’s historical reign.
Several modern Britannica pages blocked full access. Their unseen content is not used as proof. The inspected Britannica 1911 articles support only narrow, stable chronological claims.

Early source defects and exclusions

Source, Opening accession paragraph: The text dates the acclamation to 17 September 284. Wasson gives November 284, and Mathisen independently gives the year 284. The revised bullet retains only AD 284 and uses modern Wasson and Mathisen checks.
Source, Migration to Medina, paragraph beginning “Narrowly escaping”: The text calls the Hijra calendar epoch year 0 AH. The Islamic calendar has no year zero. The revised bullet includes only the inspected Mecca-to-Medina migration and AD 622. Do not reproduce the calendar claim.
Source, Chapter XV §8, narrative and note 162: The narrative starts the epidemic in 542 and places Constantinople in the next year. Note 162 explicitly fixes its outbreak to 542. Cite the explicit chronological note with the other inspected accounts. Do not use the narrative’s implied AD 543 or mortality comparisons.
Source, AD 330 consecration paragraph: The paragraph also calls Odoacer’s AD 476 deposition the fall of the city. That wording conflates a political deposition with a city’s capture. Use the paragraph only for its inspected AD 330 dedication claim. The separate AD 476 bullet describes deposition and qualifies the conventional period boundary.
Source, End of the surviving Book VI: The surviving narrative ends before the actual AD 410 sack. It cannot substantiate the completed sack. Exclude it as proof of the sack. Use Jordanes Getica XXX.156, inspected in the complete translation.

Medieval centuries: 17 claims

Claim and unit	Inspected primary support	Two distinct historical verification works	Limits
W8.1	Tariq's expedition is placed in AH 92. The narrative recounts his passage and attack on Roderic. P: Ibn Abd al-Hakam, later conquest narrative	Met opening dates arrival to 711. Catalunya opening dates conquest of Hispania to 711. V1: Metropolitan Museum, opening historical paragraph V2: Museu d'Història de Catalunya, opening paragraph	Later narrative, not eyewitness proof of anecdotes.
W8.2	Chronicle annal 793 reports heathen raiders' destruction at Holy Island. P: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, annal 793	English Heritage raid page and British Museum/LGfL entry 793 name Vikings and Lindisfarne. V1: English Heritage, Viking raid V2: British Museum/LGfL timeline, 793	Old translation gives January. Retain the shared year.
W9.1	Thatcher document 17, Annales Bertiniani: brothers at Verdun, territorial shares assigned. PDF page 57. P: Annals of Saint-Bertin, in Thatcher, document 17, PDF page 57	Larousse dates treaty to August 843 and names three divisions. Britannica France/History dates and describes the division. V1: Larousse, Treaty of Verdun V2: 1911 Britannica, France: History, partition paragraph	Do not adopt the old history's immediate modern-nation claims.
W9.2	Chronicle annal 878 says Alfred fought at Edington and put the army to flight. P: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, annal 878	English Heritage's Empire and conquest section and Royal Household's May 878 paragraph support the victory. V1: English Heritage, early medieval introduction V2: Royal Household, Alfred biography	No literal signed Treaty of Wedmore claim.
W10.1	Chronicle's prose annal 937 records Athelstan's victory against Anlaf at Brumby. P: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, annal 937	Royal Household's Brunanburh paragraph and British Museum/LGfL 937 entry identify Scots and Vikings in the defeated alliance. V1: Royal Household, Athelstan biography V2: British Museum/LGfL timeline, 937	The adjacent Chronicle poem is headed 938. Do not copy that heading as the battle date.
W10.2	Later saga excerpts recount Leif's expedition, exploration and naming of Vinland. P: Vinland saga excerpts, Leif's expedition	Parks Canada places Norse voyages about AD 1000 and identifies Leif in saga tradition. Britannica Leif Ericsson dates his American voyage to 1000. V1: Parks Canada, Norse voyages and sagas V2: 1911 Britannica, Leif Ericsson	Approximate transition date, not an exact voyage log. No assertion that Leif personally occupied the archaeological site in 1021.
W11.1	Chronicle annal 1066 recounts William's arrival at Hastings, Harold's defeat and William's conquest. P: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, annal 1066	English Heritage's opening paragraph and Royal Household's battle paragraph give William's victory in 1066. V1: English Heritage, Battle Abbey history V2: Royal Household, William biography	No arrow-in-eye claim.
W11.2	Chronicle annal 1085 recounts William's midwinter consultation and commissioners recording land, owners, and resources. P: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, annal 1085, survey paragraph	National Archives collection introduction says survey called at Christmas 1085. Royal Household gives Domesday survey and Book of 1086. V1: National Archives, Domesday collection introduction V2: Royal Household, Domesday survey paragraph	Range describes survey. Surviving manuscripts are catalogued 1086–1089.
W12.1	Chronicle annal 1154 records Stephen's death and Henry's arrival and coronation. P: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, annal 1154	Royal Household reign heading begins 1154. Westminster Abbey gives coronation in December 1154. V1: Royal Household, Henry II biography V2: Westminster Abbey, Henry II coronation	Claim uses year only.
W12.2	De Expugnatione narrative describes Jerusalem's siege, agreement and October 2 surrender arrangements. P: De Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum, siege and surrender	Met's Second and Third Crusade section dates Saladin's recapture to 1187. Museum With No Frontiers description gives AH 583/AD 1187. V1: Metropolitan Museum, Second and Third Crusade V2: Museum With No Frontiers, capital: Description	Claim excludes polemics, troop totals and detailed ransom claims.
W13.1	Secret History §202, printed page 125/PDF page 150, says united people gathered in 1206 and granted rulership. P: Secret History of the Mongols, section 202, PDF page 150	Columbia's Mongol Unity passage identifies assembly and rule in 1206. Britannica Jenghiz Khan's assembly paragraph gives 1206. V1: Columbia University, Mongol Unity V2: 1911 Britannica, Jenghiz Khan, assembly paragraph	The source uses Genghis's title earlier. Claim concerns unified rulership.
W13.2	Magna Carta's conclusion gives Runnymede and June 15 in John's seventeenth regnal year. P: Magna Carta, concluding date and place	UK National Archives agreement paragraph and US National Archives opening historical paragraph give John, Runnymede and 1215. V1: UK National Archives, King John's orders V2: US National Archives, Magna Carta	No immediate democracy or universal equality claim.
W14.1	Decameron Introduction dates Florence's pestilence to the year one thousand three hundred and forty eight. P: Boccaccio, Decameron: Introduction, opening date	Brown's collective-death article identifies Black Plague of 1348 and Florentines. Treccani Firenze, L'età comunale, gives city's plague in 1348. V1: Brown University, collective death in the Decameron V2: Treccani, Firenze: L'età comunale	No mortality total or medical-theory claim.
W14.2	Anonimalle Chronicle narrates the English commons' revolt and Richard II's meeting with Wat Tyler. P: Anonimalle Chronicle, revolt account	Historic Royal Palaces describes rebellion of 1381. Fryde's public opening excerpt dates its outbreak to 1381. V1: Historic Royal Palaces, Peasants' Revolt history V2: E. B. Fryde, Historical Association, opening public excerpt	No exact first day or single-cause claim.
W15.1	Barbaro's May 29, 1453 entry describes Mahomet's general assault that gained the city. P: Nicolo Barbaro, diary: May 29 entry	World History Encyclopedia dates the Ottoman capture to 1453. Britannica Constantinople dates city's transfer to Ottoman dominion to May 29, 1453. V1: World History Encyclopedia, fall of Constantinople V2: 1911 Britannica, Constantinople: fortifications paragraph	No army totals or sectarian characterizations.
W15.2	LOC digitized artifact and overview identify Gutenberg edition available about 1455. P: Library of Congress, digitized Bible and edition overview	Mainz Museum dates production 1452–1455. Ransom Center dates Mainz Latin edition to mid-1450s, with caption 1454–1456. V1: Gutenberg Museum, Gutenberg's masterpiece V2: Harry Ransom Center, publication and artifact caption	Approximate date. Not a first-ever global printing claim.
W15.3	Columbus's journal excerpt describes dawn landfall near Guanahani, seeing inhabitants, and landing. P: Columbus's journal, October 11–12 narrative, preserved through Las Casas	LOC opening gives arrival and Taíno encounter in 1492. Smithsonian exhibition opening describes 1492 encounter with Indigenous northern Caribbean people. V1: Library of Congress, Columbus and the Taíno V2: Smithsonian, Caribbean Indigenous Resistance, opening historical paragraph	Preserved through Las Casas. No first-human or first-European arrival claim.

Medieval provenance and date limits

Unit 8: Ibn Abd al-Hakam is a ninth-century account, not an eyewitness. Exclude his dramatic anecdotes and troop totals. The Chronicle translation gives an anomalous January date. Retain only the agreed year, 793.
Unit 9: Do not turn Verdun into the immediate founding of modern France or Germany. For Alfred, retain the battle and year without asserting a signed Treaty of Wedmore.
Unit 10: Brunanburh's precise battlefield location remains outside the claim. The old Chronicle page places the prose annal under 937 and its long poem under 938. Use the corroborated prose year. Leif's approximate date crosses the century boundary. The saga is a later literary source, not a contemporary log. Avoid repeating its editor's proposed American landing locations.
Unit 11: Do not assert the mode of Harold's death. Distinguish the survey from final manuscript compilation. National Archives dates the surviving books to 1086–1089.
Unit 12: Select Henry II as a political chronology anchor rather than repeating the Becket controversy. Select Saladin as a familiar ruler and conquest. Exclude the primary account's partisan insults and its unsupported ransom or troop figures.
Unit 13: The Secret History uses the title Genghis earlier in its narrative. State the unified rulership in 1206 rather than the first-ever use of that name. Exclude contested translations of the title. Do not describe Magna Carta as immediate democracy or equal rights for every person.
Unit 14: The plague claim dates Florence's outbreak, not the beginning of the entire pandemic. Exclude Boccaccio's total deaths and medical theories. The revolt claim does not assert a precise first day or reduce its participants to peasants alone.
Unit 15: Exclude army totals and the diary's polemics. Approximate Gutenberg dating preserves the institutions' ranges. Do not call this the first printing anywhere in the world. Columbus's voyage reached inhabited Caribbean lands. Do not describe him as the first person or first European in the Americas.

Medieval source defects and retrievals

All eight medieval centuries receive familiar general-history landmarks. Church involvement did not govern the selection. The political and military examples are mainly European, with Islamic and Mongol history included.

The replacement contains no Catholic Encyclopedia verifier. Older encyclopedia texts support narrow event-and-date claims only. They do not establish modern demographic estimates or disputed cultural interpretations.

National Geographic's Columbus page incorrectly calls the 1492 voyage the first known European contact with the Americas. Exclude that claim and use the Smithsonian and Library of Congress instead. This error does not affect the retained Columbus bullet.

Several bot fetches failed despite accessible alternate retrievals. The live National Archives Domesday page replaces its retired education URL. The original Smithsonian press release is replaced by the inspected MySmithsonian exhibition page.

No retained curricular claim depends on an unread book or a search snippet alone. Approximate dates and later source provenance remain explicit.

Modern centuries: 19 claims

Takeaway

Each retained fact requires an inspected primary passage and two distinct supporting works. All revised verifiers are secular histories or institutions.

Cited Findings

M16-1, Tenochtitlan: Cortés’s identified Third Letter excerpt ends with August 13, 1521, and the war’s conclusion. Díaz’s identified excerpt describes allied Tlaxcaltec forces. P. INAH’s final-resistance account gives Cortés’s Indigenous allies and Cuauhtémoc’s August 13 capture. V1. The museum’s Cortés entry gives the allied defeat on August 13, 1521. V2.
M16-2, circumnavigation: Pigafetta paragraph 205 describes the survivors’ return in 1522 and completion of a circuit around the world. P. UNESCO identifies Magellan’s initiation and Elcano’s conclusion of the 1519–1522 voyage. V1. The independent exhibition history describes Elcano and Victoria completing the circumnavigation in 1522. V2.
M17-1, Jamestown: Percy’s May narrative describes the landing, fortifications, and the settlers’ location. P. NPS identifies the 1607 settlement in Virginia. V1. Jamestown Rediscovery dates settlement establishment to May 13–14, 1607. V2. The bullet avoids resolving site selection versus landing dates.
M17-2, Mayflower: The compact’s covenant creates a civil body for the colony. Its conclusion dates the signatures to November 11, 1620. P. NPS describes the self-government agreement after the arrival at Cape Cod. V1. Britannica’s historical entry dates the shipboard signing to November 11, 1620, Old Style. V2.
M17-3, Principia: The inspected Oxford transcription gives Newton’s name, the book’s title, London, and MDCLXXXVII on the title page. P. The Royal Society identifies the printed first edition as 1687. V1. Sydney explicitly states first publication in 1687. V2.
M18-1, Watt: Patent 913’s dated title identifies 1769. Its second provision condenses steam in vessels separate from the cylinders. P. Powerhouse describes the 1769 specification and explains the separate condenser. V1. Britannica describes that invention and dates the first patent to January 1769. V2. No claim says that Watt invented the steam engine.
M18-2, independence: The Declaration’s heading gives July 4, 1776, and Congress. P. The creation timeline explicitly dates adoption to July 4. V1. The historical essay describes revision through late morning July 4 and official adoption. V2. Adoption and signing are not equated.
M18-3, French Declaration: The heading dates Assembly approval to 1789. The preamble identifies the National Assembly’s declaration. P. Élysée dates article-by-article voting to August 20–26, 1789. V1. The National Archives nomination distinguishes voting, decree, final ordering, royal acceptance, and promulgation in its historical background. V2. The bullet uses the agreed year and avoids confusing these different legislative stages.
M19-1, emancipation: The dated proclamation specifies the areas in rebellion and declares their enslaved people free. P. Kratz’s account dates the proclamation to January 1, 1863, and states its limited coverage. V1. NPS explicitly identifies the final proclamation’s date, occupied-area exemptions, and excluded border states. V2.
M19-2, Appomattox: Grant’s April 9, 1865, letter offers surrender terms for the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee’s same-day letter accepts them. P. The NPS account describes the April 9 meeting and surrender. V1. Britannica’s final-campaign narrative places Lee’s surrender at Appomattox on April 9, 1865. V2. No statement says that all Confederate forces surrendered that day.
M19-3, telephone: The specification gives Bell’s name and March 7, 1876. Claim 5 covers transmission of vocal sounds. P. Smithsonian’s Bell account and experimental-telephone caption identify the 1876 patent and March 7 date. V1. The inventors’ biography explicitly gives Bell’s March 7, 1876, patent number 174,465. V2.
M20-1, armistice: The translated agreement dates its signing to November 11, 1918. Section A.I requires cessation on the Western Front. P. NARA describes the agreement’s implementation that day. V1. The museum explicitly identifies the November 11 Western Front ceasefire and notes continuing fighting elsewhere. V2.
M20-2, crash: Hoover’s November 5, 1929, conference describes the speculation and resulting crash. P. The Federal Reserve historical essay identifies the 1929 stock-market crash within the Great Depression period. V1. Smith and Walch describe the collapse and Hoover’s immediate response in their separate historical essay. V2. The primary witness minimizes later economic harm, so it does not support a causal theory of the Depression.
M20-3, Japan: The actual instrument declares Japan’s unconditional surrender and gives September 2, 1945, beside the signatures. P. The National Diet Library identifies the signing date and representatives. V1. The museum’s Tokyo Bay account independently describes the dated ceremony. V2. Do not equate signing with an instant end to every isolated act of violence.
M20-4, UDHR: The UN publishes the primary declaration’s preamble and the Assembly’s proclamation, with dated identification. P. Its separate historical account expressly gives December 10, 1948, as adoption. V1. Sears’s independent scholarly essay, printed p. 4, gives the same adoption date. V2. This replaces a duplicated institutional introduction with a distinct scholarly check.
M20-5, Apollo: The mission transcript records Armstrong’s first step near 109:24 and Aldrin’s surface arrival near 109:43. The plaque reading occurs at 109:52:40. Armstrong reads its July 1969 date aloud. P. NASA’s historical account identifies the 1969 landing. V1. Smithsonian names Armstrong and Aldrin and dates their lunar landing to July 20, 1969. V2. This replaces an inaccurate locator in an earlier draft. The 1989 introduction to a reprinted press conference is not primary testimony.
M21-1, September 11: Bush’s dated address opens with an account of deliberate terrorist acts against Americans that day. P. The FBI’s September 11, 2001, entry describes the attacks and resulting investigation. V1. The museum’s opening event account identifies the dated attacks in the United States. V2. Avoid obsolete casualty estimates in early presidential accounts.
M21-2, iPhone: Apple’s dated January 9, 2007, announcement identifies introduction that day. P. CHM’s original-iPhone record gives 2007 as its introduction year. V1. Grossman’s independent TIME report dates the announcement to January 9, 2007. V2. The retained claim does not repeat marketing claims or confuse announcement with retail availability.
M21-3, pandemic: The March 11, 2020, speech explicitly characterizes COVID-19 as a pandemic. P. WHO’s April timeline repeats that dated assessment. V1. CDC Museum’s March 11, 2020, entry dates WHO’s pandemic declaration. V2. No statement gives medical advice or treats that date as the first infection.

Inferences

Separate documents hosted by one institution remain distinct works. Translations and duplicate hosts of one document do not count twice.

Gaps

Some hosts block direct retrieval. Retained passages above were retrieved through an available research tool. No catalogue alone supplies unread primary content.

Preserved church material

World chronology no longer substitutes for the church strands. The displaced church material retains its original citations and teaching purpose.

Early units retain Temple destruction, Pliny and Trajan, Decius, Constantine’s religious liberty, and his council initiative in Church life or Councils and major events.
Unit 7 retains the Dome inscription and Christological comparison in Confessional Lutheran connection.
Medieval units retain Charlemagne’s coronation, the Chinese Christian inscription, Guthrum’s Baptism, Otto’s ceremony, and crusading material in church strands.
Rubruck’s religious encounters, plague-source comparison, Gutenberg reading, and Joan’s trial comparison retain their teaching roles outside the World chronology.
Unit 16 retains the Edict of Worms in Councils and major events. Modern source comparisons remain in Confessional Lutheran connection.
Unit 19 retains Walther’s slavery argument and moral exercise in Major people, directly after his presidency entry.

These relocations do not reopen the original church-source audit. The original survey records preserve that provenance.